Abbott W.S. (1925): A method of computing the effectiveness of an insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology, 18: 265–267.
https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/18.2.265a
Abd El-Aziz N.M., Fahmy N.M. (2015): Oxidative stress effects of abamectin and hematoporphyrin with the antioxidant efficiency in the cotton leaf worm, Spodoptera littoralis (Biosd.). Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, 7: 55–63.
Aebi H. (1984): Catalase in vitro. In: Packer L. (ed.). Methods in Enzymology. Cambridge, Academic Press: 121–126.
Ahmed M., Mehmood R. (2015): Monitoring of resistance to new chemistry insecticides in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Pakistan. Journal of Economic Entomology, 108: 1279–1288.
https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/tov085
Awad M., Ibrahim E.S., Osman E.I., Elmenofy W.H., Mahmoud A.M., Atia M.A.M., Moustafa M.A.M. (2022): Nano-insecticides against the black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): Toxicity, development, enzyme activity, and DNA mutagenicity. PLoS One, 17: e0254285. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254285
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254285
Bacci L., Lupi D., Savoldelli S., Rossaro B. (2016): A review of Spinosyns, a derivative of biological acting substances as a class of insecticides with a broad range of action against many insect pests. Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research, 48: 5653. doi: 10.4081/jear.2016.5653
https://doi.org/10.4081/jear.2016.5653
Bagchi D., Bagchi M., Hassoun E.A., Stohs S.J. (1995): In vitro and in vivo generation of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage and lactate dehydrogenase leakage by selected pesticides. Toxicology, 104: 129–140.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-483X(95)03156-A
Black B.C., Hollingworth R.M., Ahammadsahib K.I., Kukel C.D., Donovan S. (1994): Insecticidal action and mitochondrial uncoupling activity of AC-303,630 and related halogenated pyrroles. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 50: 115–128.
https://doi.org/10.1006/pest.1994.1064
Bravo A., Gómez I., Conde J., Muñoz-Garay C., Sánchez J., Miranda R., Zhuang M., Gill S.S., Soberón M. (2004): Oligomerization triggers binding of a Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab pore-forming toxin to aminopeptidase N receptor leading to insertion into membrane microdomains. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1667: 38–46.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2004.08.013
Bret B.L., Larson L.L., Schoonover J.R., Sparks T.C., Thompson G.D. (1997): Biological properties of spinosad. Down to Earth, 52: 6–13.
Claudianoc C., Ranson H., Johnson R.M., Biswas S., Schuler M.A., Berenbaum M.R., Feyereisen R., Oakeshott J.G. (2006): A deficit of detoxification enzymes: Pesticide sensitivity and environmental response in the honeybee. Insect Molecular Biology, 15: 615–636.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2583.2006.00672.x
Crouch L.S., Wrzesinski C.L., Feely W.F. (1997): Fate of [14C/3H] emamectin benzoate in cabbage. 1. Extractable residues. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 45: 2744–2757.
https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9609082
Dagar V.S., Mishra M., Kumar S. (2020): Effect of dietary stress of emamectin benzoate on the fitness cost of American bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner, 1808). International Journal of Tropical Insect Science, 40: 1069–1077.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s42690-020-00168-x
Desneux N., Decourtye A., Delpuech J.M. (2007): The sublethal effects of pesticides on beneficial arthropods. Annual Review of Entomology, 52: 81–106.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.52.110405.091440
Du J., Yu W., Wang M., Zhang C., Mu W. (2013): Selective toxicity of three amide pesticides to black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon and earthworm Eisenia foetida. Acta Phytopphylacica Sinica, 40: 266–272.
Duce I.R., Bhandal N.S., Scott R.H., Norris T.M. (1995): Effects of Ivermectin on γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate gated chloride conductance in arthropod skeltel muscle. In: Clark J.M. (ed.). Molecular Action of Insecticides on Ion Channels. Washington, DC, American Chemical Society: 251–263.
Duncan D.B. (1955): Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics, 11: 1–42.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3001478
El-Helaly A.A., Sayed W.A.A., El-Bendary H.M. (2020): Impact of emamectin benzoate on nucleopolyhedrosis virus infectivity of Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 30: 111. doi: 10.1186/s41938-020-00314-0
https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-020-00314-0
El-Sheikh E.A. (2015): Comparative toxicity and sublethal effects of emamectin benzoate, lufenuron and spinosad on Spodoptera littoralis Boisd. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Crop Protection, 67: 228–234.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2014.10.022
Felton G.W. (1995): Oxidative stress of vertebrates and invertebrates. In: Ahmad S. (ed.). Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defenses in Biology. Boston, Springer: 356–434.
Finney D.J. (1971): Probit Analysis. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Gacemi A., Guenaoui Y. (2012): Efficacy of emamectin benzoate on Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) infesting a protected tomato crop in Algeria. Academic Journal of Entomology, 5: 37–40.
Gäde G., Hoffmann K.H., Spring J.H. (1997): Hormonal regulation in insects: Facts, gaps, and future directions. Physiological Reviews, 77: 963–1032.
https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1997.77.4.963
Goldberg D.M., Spooner R.J. (1983): Assay of glutathione reductase. In: Bergmeyen H.V. (ed.). Methods of Enzymatic Analysis. Deerfiled Beach, Verlog Chemie: 258–265.
Gomez A.K., Gomez A.A. (1984): Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. New York, John Wiley and Sons: 295–310.
Grafton-Cardwell E.E., Godfrey L.D., Chaney W.E., Bentley W.J. (2005): Various novel insecticides are less toxic to humans, more specific to key pests. California Agriculture, 59: 29–34.
https://doi.org/10.3733/ca.v059n01p29
Han W.S., Zhang S., Shen F., Liu M., Ren C., Gao X. (2012): Residual toxicity and sublethal effects of chlorantraniliprole on Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Pest Managment Science, 68: 1184–1190.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.3282
He F., Sun S., Tan H., Sun X., Qin C., Ji S., Li X., Zhang J., Jiang X. (2019): Chlorantraniliprole against the black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): From biochemical/physiological to demographic responses. Scientific Reports, 9: 1–17.
Horowitz A.R., Ishaaya I. (2004): Biorational insecticides – Mechanisms, selectivity and importance in pest management programs. In: Horowitz A.R., Ishaaya I. (eds). Insect Pest Management – Field and Protected Crops. Berlin, Springer: 1–28.
Ilhan A., Gurel A., Armutcu F., Kamisli S., Iraz M. (2005): Antiepileptogenic and antioxidant effects of Nigella sativa oil against pentylenetet-razolinduced kindling in mice. Neuropharmacology, 49: 456–464.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2005.04.004
IRAC – Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (2020): IRAC Mode of Action Classification, version 9.3. IRAC Mode of Action Working Group. Available at https://irac-online.org/mode-of action/classification-online/
Jansson R.K., Peterson R.F., Halliday W.R., Mookerjeem P., Halliday W.R.M., Argentine J.A., Dybas R. (1997): Development of a novel soluble granule formulation of emamectin benzoate for control of lepidopterous pests. Florida Entomologist, 80: 425–443.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3495607
Kandil M.A., Abdel-kerim R.N., Moustafa M.A.M. (2020a): Lethal and sublethal effects of bio-and chemical insecticides on the tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 30: 1–7.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-020-00278-1
Kandil M., Fouad E., Elhefny D., Abdel-Mobdy Y. (2020b): Toxicity of fipronil and emamectin benzoate and their mixtures against cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) with relation to GABA content. Journal of Economic Entomology, 8: 385–389.
https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz232
Karthi E., Vaideki K., Shivakumar M.S., Ponsankar A., Thanigaivel A., Chellappandian M., Vasantha-Srinivasan P., Muthu-Pandian C.K., Hunter W.B., Senthil-Nathan S. (2018): Effect of Aspergillus flavus on the mortality and activity of antioxidant enzymes of Spodoptera litura Fab. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 149: 54–60.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2018.05.009
Kashiwagi A., Kashiwagi K., Takase M., Hanada H., Nakamura M. (1997): Comparison of catalase in diploid and haploid Rana rugosa using heat and chemical inactivation techniques. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology B, 118: 499503. doi: 10.1016/S0305-0491(97)00216-2
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-0491(97)00216-2
Kodrík D., Socha R. (2005): The effect of insecticide treatment on adipokinetic hormone titer in insect body. Pest Management Science, 61: 1077–1082.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.1087
Kodrík D., Krishnan N., Habuštová O. (2007): Is the titer of adipokinetic peptides in Leptinotarsa decemlineata fed on genetically modified potatoes increased by oxidative stress? Peptides, 28: 974–980.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2007.01.017
Kodrík D., Plavsin I., Velki M., Staskova T. (2015): Enhancement of insecticide efficacy by adipokinetic hormones. In: Montgomery J. (ed.). Insecticides; Occurrence, Global Threats and Ecological Impact. New York, Nova Publishers: 77–91.
Li W., Lu Z., Li L., Yu Y., Dong S., Men X., Ye B. (2018): Sublethal effects of imidacloprid on the performance of the bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi. PLoS One, 13: e0204097. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204097
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204097
Liu D.G., Trumble J.T. (2005): Interactions of plant resistance and insecticides on the development and survival of Bactericerca cockerelli [Sulc] (Homoptera: Psyllidae). Crop Protection, 24: 111–117.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2004.07.001
López J.D., Latheef M.A., Hoffman W.C. (2010): Effect of emamectin benzoate on mortality, proboscis extension, gustation and reproduction of the corn earworm, Helicoverpa zea. Journal of Insect Science, 10: 1–16.
https://doi.org/10.1673/031.010.8901
Lu S.C., Kuhlenkamp J., Garcia-Ruiz C., Kaplowitz N. (1991): Hormone-mediated down regulation of hepatic glutathione synthesis in the rat. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 88: 260–269.
https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI115286
Moustafa M.M.A., Vlasák J., Sehnal F. (2013): Activities of modified Cry3A-type toxins on the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Journal of Applied Entomology, 137: 684–692.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jen.12054
Moustafa M.M.A., Kákai Á., Awad M., Fónagy A. (2016): Sublethal effects of spinosad and emamectin benzoate on larval development and reproductive activities of the cabbage moth, Mamestra brassicae L. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Crop Protection, 90: 197–204.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2016.09.004
Moustafa M.A.M., Fouad E.A., Abdel Mobdy Y., Hamow K.Á., Mikó Z., Molnár B.P., Fónagy A. (2021a): Toxicity and sublethal effects of chlorantraniliprole and indoxacarb on Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology, 56: 115–124.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13355-020-00721-7
Moustafa M.A.M., Awad M., Amer A., Hassan N.N., Ibrahim E.S., Ali H.M., Akrami M., Salem M.Z.M. (2021b): Insecticidal activity of lemongrass essential oil as an eco-friendly agent against the black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Insects, 12: 737. doi: 10.3390/insects12080737
https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12080737
Mushtaq M., Allen L.R.S., Crouch L.S., Wislocki P.G. (1997): Fate of 3H- and 14C-labeled emamectin benzoate in lactating goats. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 45: 253–259.
https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9604089
Nishikimi M., Appaji N., Yagi K. (1972): The occurrence of superoxide anion in the reaction of reduced phenazinc methosulfate and molecular oxygen. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 46: 849–854.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(72)80218-3
Ohkawa H., Ohishi N., Yagi K. (1979): Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Analytical Biochemistry, 95: 351–358.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(79)90738-3
Rindler P.M., Plafker S.M., Szweda L.I., Kinter M. (2013): High dietary fat selectively increases catalase expression within cardiac mitochondria. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 288: 1979–1990.
https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M112.412890
Salgado V.L., Watson G.B., Sheets J.J. (1997): Studies on the modes of action of spinosad the active ingredient in Tracer insect control. In: Proceedings of the Beltwide Cotton Conference, Jan 6–10, 1997, New Orleans, USA: 1082–1085.
Sayed M.M.A., Behle R.W. (2017): Evaluating a dual microbial agent biopesticide with Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki and Beauveria bassiana blastospores. Biocontrol Science and Technology, 27: 461–474.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09583157.2017.1303662
Snedecor G.W., Cochran W.G. (1989): Statistical Methods. Ameshttps, Iowa State University Press.
Sparks T.C., Thompson G.D., Kirst H.A., Hertlein M.B., Larson L.L., Worden T.V., Thibault S.T. (1998): Biological activity of the spinosyns. New fermentation derived insect control agents on tobacco budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae. Journal of Economic Entomology, 91: 1277–1283.
https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/91.6.1277
Sparks T.C., Crouse G.D., Demeter D.A., Samaritoni G., McLeod C.L. (2019): Discovery of highly insecticidal synthetic spinosyn mimics – CAMD enabled de novo design simplifying a complex natural product. Pest Managment Science, 75: 309–313.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.5217
Su C., Xia X. (2020): Sublethal effects of methylthio-diafenthiuron on the life table parameters and enzymatic properties of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 162: 43–51.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.08.011
Thompson G.D., Michel K.H., Yao R.C., Mynderse J.S., Mosburg C.T., Worden T.V., Chio E.H., Sporks T.C., Hutchins S.H. (1997): The discovery of Saccharopolyspora spinosa and a new class of insect control products. Down to Earth, 52: 1–5.
Urbaneja A., González-Cabrera J., Arnó J., Gabarra R. (2012): Prospects for the biological control of Tuta absoluta in tomatoes of the Mediterranean basin. Pest Managment Science, 68: 1215–1222.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.3344
Večeřa J., Krishnan N., Alquicer G., Kodrík D., Socha R. (2007): Adipokinetic hormone-induced enhancement of antioxidant capacity of Pyrrhocoris apterus hemolymph in response to oxidative stress. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, 146: 336–342.
Vojoudi S., Saber M., Gharekhani G., Esfandiari E. (2017): Toxicity and sublethal effects of hexaflumuron and indoxacarb on the biological and biochemical parameters of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Iran. Crop Protection, 91: 100–107.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2016.09.020
Williamson R.C., Potter D.A. (1997): Oviposition of black cutworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on creeping bent grass putting greens and removal of eggs by mowing. Journal of Economic Entomology, 90: 590–594.
https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/90.2.590
Xu C., Zhang Z., Cui K., Zhao Y., Han J., Liu F., Mu W. (2016): Effects of sublethal concentrations of Cyantraniliprole on the development, fecundity and nutritional physiology of the black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). PLoS One, 11: e0156555. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156555
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156555
Yin X.H., Wu Q.J., Li X.F., Zhang Y.J., Xu B.Y. (2008): Sublethal effects of spinosad on Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae). Crop Protection, 27: 1385–1391.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2008.05.008
Yu W., Du J., Hu Y., Shen R., Mu W. (2012): Toxicity of six insecticides to black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon (Rottemberg) and safety evaluation to oil organisms. Acta Phytophylacica Sinica, 39: 277–282.
Zhang J. (2014): A sequential procedure for detecting compromised items in the item pool of a CAT system. Applied Psychological Measurement, 38: 87–104.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0146621613510062