Acosta A., McCorriston S., Nicolli F., Venturelli E., Wickramasinghe U., ArceDiaz E., Scudiero L., Sammartino A., Schneider F., Steinfeld H. (2021): Immediate effects of COVID-19 on the global dairy sector. Agricultural Systems, 192: 103177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103177 Aiginger K., Bärenthaler-Sieber S., Vogel J. (2013): Competitiveness under new perspectives. WWWforEurope Working Papers, 44, Vienna. Available at http://hdl.handle.net/10419/125699 (accessed Sept 19, 2022). Balassa B. (1979): The changing pattern of comparative advantage in manufactured goods. Review of Economics and Statistics, 2: 259–266. https://doi.org/10.2307/1924594 Balassa B. (1989): Comparative Advantage, Trade Policy and Economic Development. New York, Harvester Wheatsheaf: 343. Balassa B. (1996): Tariffs reductions and trade in manufactures among industrial countries. American Economic Review, 56: 466–473. Bełdycka-Bórawska A., Bórawski P., Guth M., Parzonko A., Rokicki T., Klepacki B., Wysokiński M., Maciąg A., Dunn J.W. (2021): Price changes of dairy products in the European Union. Agricultural Economics – Czech, 67: 373–381.  https://doi.org/10.17221/61/2021-AGRICECON Blayney D.P., Crawford T.L., Davis C.G. (2016): Dairy export markets: Changing the structure of US dairy demand. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 19B: 201–218. Bojnec Š., Fertő I. (2013): Export competitiveness of dairy products on global markets: The case of the European Union countries. Journal of Dairy Science, 10: 6151–6163. Bórawski P., Pawlewicz A., Harper J.K., Dunn J.W. (2019): The Intra-European Union trade of milk and dairy products. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Oeconomia, 2: 13–23. https://doi.org/10.22630/ASPE.2019.18.2.15 Bórawski P., Guth M., Parzonko A., Rokicki T., Perkowska A., Dunn J.W. (2021): Price volatility of milk and dairy products in Poland after accession to the EU. Agricultural Economics – Czech, 67: 111–119. https://doi.org/10.17221/459/2020-AGRICECON Brumă I.S.; Vasiliu C.D.; Rodino S.; Butu M.; Tanasă L.; Doboș S.; Butu A.; Coca O.; Stefan G. (2021): The behavior of dairy consumers in short food supply chains during COVID-19 pandemic in Suceava area, Romania. Sustainability, 6: 3072. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13063072 Chikán A. (2008): National and firm competitiveness: A general research model. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal incorporating Journal of Global Competitiveness, 18: 20–28. https://doi.org/10.1108/10595420810874583 Czyżewski A., Czakowski D. (2016): Selected economic relationships on the fruit and vegetable market in Poland (1994–2013). Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development, 4: 511–519. https://doi.org/10.17306/JARD.2016.78 Dairy Australia 2015. Australian Dairy Industry in Focus. Dairy Australia Limited. Available at https://www.dairyaustralia.com.au/industry-statistics/industry-reports/australian-dairy-industry-in-focus#.Y6AuPH3MJhE (accessed Nov 16, 2022). Davies H., Ellis P. (2000): Porter's Competitive Advantage Of Nations: Time for the final judgement? Journal of Management Studies, 8: 1189–1214. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00221 Davis C.G., Hahn W. (2016): Assessing the status of the global dairy trade. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 19B: 1–10. FAO (2020): Food Outlook – Biannual Report on Global Food Markets. Rome, FAO: 174. Firlej K., Kowalska A., Piwowar A. (2017): Competitiveness and innovation of the Polish food industry. Agricultural Economics – Czech, 63: 502–509.  https://doi.org/10.17221/111/2016-AGRICECON Folmer C., Keyzer M.A., Merbis M.D., Stolwijk H.J.J., Veenendaal P.J.J. (1995): The Common Agricultural Policy beyond the McSharry Reform. Amsterdam, Elsevier: 360. Frohberg K., Hartmann M. (2000): Baltic Agricultural Competitiveness and Prospects under European Union. In Hartell J., Swinnen J. (eds.): Agriculture and East-West European Integration. London, Routledge: 284. Gorton M., Daniłowska A., Jarka S., Straszewski S., Zawojska A., Majewski E. (2001): The International Competitiveness of Polish Agriculture. Post-Communist Economies, 4: 445–457. https://doi.org/10.1080/14631370120095657 Gospodarowicz M., Grochowska R., Judzińska A., Łopaciuk W., Manko S., Oliński M., Wasilewski A., Wigier M. (2013): CAP Implementation in Poland – State and Perspectives. Warsaw, Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics – National Research Institute: 130. Gunawardana P.J., Khorchurklang S. (2007): An analysis of comparative advantage and competitiveness in dairy products: Australia and other selected countries. International Journal of Business Strategy, 7: 72–85. Hashem N.M., González-Bulnes A., Rodriguez-Morales A.J. (2020): Animal welfare and livestock supply chain sustainability under the COVID-19 outbreak: An overview. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 7: 582528.  https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.582528 Havrilla I., Gunawardana P.J. (2003): Analysing comparative advantage and competitiveness: An application to Australia's textile and clothing industries. Australian Economic Papers, 42: 103–117. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8454.00189 Heckscher E.F., Ohlin B., Flam H. Flanders M.J. (1991): Hecksher-Ohlin Trade Theory. Cambridge, Massachusetts Institute of Technology: 222. Karwasra K., Soni G., Mangla S.K., Kazancoglu Y. (2021): Assessing dairy supply chain vulnerability during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Logistics: Research and Applications, 2: 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/13675567.2021.1910221 Kawecka-Wyrzykowska E. (2010): Evolving Pattern of Intra-industry Trade Specialization of the New Member States of the EU: The Case of the Automotive Industry. In: Keereman F., Szekely I. (eds.): Five Yearsof an Enlarged EU. Berlin, Heidelberg, Springer: 11–31. Kiryluk-Dryjska E., Baer-Nawrocka A. (2021): Regional differences in benefits from the EU common agricultural policy in Poland and their policy implications. Agriculture, 4: 288. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11040288 Kita K., Adenauer M. (2015): The international competitiveness of Polish agri-food products on the NAFTA market under the trade-liberalization process. Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development, 2: 245–256. https://doi.org/10.17306/JARD.2015.26 Kowalska A.S., Olszańska A., Nabiałek P. (2020): Production and external trade of dairy products in Poland. In: Soliman Khalid S. (ed.): Education Excellence and Innovation Management through Vision 2020, 2019. Granada, International Business Information Management Association: 4041–4050. Michaličková M., Krupová Z., Polák P., Hetényi L., Krupa E. (2014): Development of competitiveness and its determinants in Slovak dairy farms. Agricultural Economics – Czech, 60: 82–88. https://doi.org/10.17221/76/2013-AGRICECON Mossaz S., Jay P., Magnin A., Panouillé M., Saint-Eve A., Déléris I., Juteau A., Souchon I. (2010): Measuring and predicting the spreading of dairy products in the mouth: Sensory, instrumental, and modelling approaches. Food Hydrocolloids, 24: 681–688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2010.03.006 Nagy J., Jámbor Z. (2019): Competitiveness in dairy trade-the case of EU and Visegrad Group Countries. AGRIS-on-live Papers in Economics and Informatics, 4: 61–74. https://doi.org/10.7160/aol.2019.110406 Parzonko A., Bórawski P. (2020): Competitiveness of Polish dairy farms in the European Union. Agricultural Economics – Czech, 66: 168–174. https://doi.org/10.17221/254/2019-AGRICECON Pawlak K. (2022): Competitiveness of the EU agri-food sector on the US market: Worth reviving transatlantic trade? Agriculture, 12: 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12010023 Pawlak K., Lukasiewicz J. (2022): Does intra specialization enhance or limit comparative advantage? Evidence from the world citrus fruit trade. Agricultural Economics – Czech, 68: 338–347. https://doi.org/10.17221/163/2022-AGRICECON Pawlak K., Kołodziejczak M., Xie Y. (2019): Horizontal integration of the agricultural sector as a factor increasing its competitiveness – experience of Poland. Eastern European Countryside, 25: 195–232. Pawlak K., Poczta W. (2020): Competitiveness of Polish agriculture in the context of globalization and economic integration – competitive potential and position. Problems of Agricultural Economics, 4: 86–107. Perrin A., Martin G. (2021): Resilience of French organic dairy cattle farms and supply chains to the Covid-19 pandemic. Agricultural Systems, 8: 103082.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103082 Pisiulewski A., Marzec J. (2022): The impact of subsidies on persistent and transistent technical inefficiency: Evidence from Polish dairy farms. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics: 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1017/aae.2022.26 Qingbin, W., Liu Ch-Q., Zhao Y.F., Kitsos A., Cannella M., Wang S.K., Han L. (2020): Impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on the dairy industry: Lessons from China and the United States and policy implications. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 19: 2903–2915. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63443-8 Ricardo D. (1817): On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation. London, John Murray: 620. Ruiz-Roso M.B., de Carvalho Padilha P., Mantilla-Escalante D.C., Ulloa N., Brun P., Acevedo-Correa D., Arantes Ferreira Peres W., Martorell M., Aires M.T., de Oliveira Cardoso L., Carrasco-Marín F., Paternina-Sierra K., Rodriguez-Meza J.E., Montero P.M., Bernabè G., Pauletto A., Taci X., Visioli F., Dávalos A. (2020): Covid-19 confinement and changes of adolescent's dietary trends in Italy, Spain, Chile, Colombia and Brazil. Nutrients, 12: 1807. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061807 Szajner P. (2022): Rynek Mleka – Stan I Perspektywy. Warszava, Instytut Ekonomiki Rolnictwa i Gospodarki Żywnościowej – PIB: 44. (in Polish) Szczepaniak I. (2019): Changes in comparative advantages of the Polish food sector in world trade. Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, 14: 463–480. Weersink A., von Massow M., McDougall B. (2020): Economic thoughts on the potential implications of COVID-19 on the Canadian dairy and poultry sectors. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, 68: 195–200. https://doi.org/10.1111/cjag.12240 Zhu X., Demeter R.M., Oude Lansink A.G.J.M. (2008): Competitiveness of dairy farms in three countries: the role of CAP subsidies. 12th Congress of the European Association of Agricultural Economists, Aug 26–29, Ghent, Belgium. Available at https://core.ac.uk/dowload/pdf/6413864.pdf (accessed Nov 16, 2022).